Industrial+Development

** Industrial Development in America **



 During the mid 19th century, the United States took a large step forward in business and industry, beginning a period that would later be called the Industrial Revolution. With many major developments in technology and the abundance of labor, many key industries -such as the textile and transportation industries- were able to gain prominence and power throughout the country.

Industrialization in 19th century America drew in three important advancements. First off, the expansion of transportation went to another level, as steam boats, cross country trains, and automobiles became much more popularly used. Next, electricity was established for not only factory, but conventional use as well. Lastly, advancements were made to industrial cycles, such as improving the development process and accelerating construction.

**Textile Industry: Important People and Events**
Up until people such as Samuel Slater (see below) came to aid the growth of America's textile industry, America was struggling to find inventions that worked. While England possessed machines such as the Power Loom and Spinning Frame which greatly eased the processing of textiles, blueprints of these machines were forbidden to leave the country. When these inventions finally came to America, the textile industry boomed and became very profitable for Northern factory owners and Southern farmers who grew necessary crops such as cotton.

** Samuel Slater ** , born June 9th, 1768, is often referred to as the father of the American industrial revolution. With the assumption that the textile industry in England was at its peak, Slater secretly emigrated to the United States in 1789 in hopes of building up the industry and making a fortune. With his vast knowledge and understanding of textile process and machinery, Slater built America's first water-powered cotton spinning mill with the help of Moses Brown, a Quaker merchant. Slater then employed entire families to work in his Rhode Island factory, attracting enough labor that a town called Slatersville was built around the mill to house them all. This system of employment and housing came to be known as the Rhode Island System, and was later adapted and improved by other innovators such as Francis Cabot Lowell.

**The Steel Industry** The technological break threw that boosted the industrial economy was the discovery of steel production by blasting air through molten iron. Men by the names of Henry Bessemer of England and William Kelly of Pittsburg established Minnesota’s Mesabi Range as the leading steel producer in the county.

By 1870, Andrew Carnegie, a business genius, used a combination of salesmanship and the latest technologies to beat his computers in the steel industry. He established business strategy where a company would control every stage of the industrial process, from mining the raw materials to transporting the finished product, known as vertical integration. After outstanding success, he later sold his steel company in 1900 to J.P. Morgan for $400 million. This was know the largest enterprise in the world and the first billion dollar company, the U.S. Steel Corporation.

**The Oil Industry  ****An investor by the name of John D. Rockefeller organized the Standard Oil Trust, the most competitive oil refineries ever. He extorted rebates to force rival companies to sell out and cut prices of his company’s kerosene. This extraordinarily successful business man also established a new type of marketing, known as horizontal integration, where former competitors were brought under a single corporate umbrella. By eliminating waste in the production of kerosene, the Standard Oil monopoly was ** able to keep prices low for consumers.

The assembly line was made famous by the Ford Manufacturing Co in 1903. Ford used it inside his factories to build large amounts of cars at a relatively quick and cheap pace. Colt also used this method to mass produce his firearms. This method saved the company money, which allowed both Ford and Colt to pay their workers higher wages as they sold their guns for cheaper. The assembly line is primarily based on the idea of interchangeability. If all the parts in a machine are interchangeable, then it is easy to create large quantities of each part and then combine them together. All in all, this advancement in efficiency is what truly sparked rapid change during the Industrial Revolution. Never before had we been able to make so much for so little.
 *  The Assembly Line and Mass Production ** 

** R ailroads **


<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Railroads were very important because they played a critical role in the trans-Mississippi West. It promoted settlement on the Great Plains and linked the west with the East creating a great national market.Then during the Civil War, transcontinental railroads were authorized and supported by Congress. The building of the first transcontinental railroad ran from California to the rest of the Union. It was divided into two new incorporated railroad companies, the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific. Both railroad companies constructed different sections to create the bigger railroad, before 1900 there were four other transcontinental railroads. All were constructed on different sections of the West.



<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 171%; text-align: center;">Significant Inventors/Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922 || Telephone Metal Detector || The telephone made it easy for people separated by distance to contact each other with great ease. Before the invention of the telephone, people would have to send each other telegraphs, which were less convenient. . || February 11, 1847 - October 18, 1931 || Light bulb || After its invention, the light bulb quickly became a commonplace in homes throughout Europe and America. Before its invention, people relied on candlelight and sunlight to brighten their surroundings. With the new electrical light, most families now had a reliable way to have lit surroundings at any given time. ||
 * Picture || Inventor || Invention || Impact ||
 * [[image:http://primevector.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/bell.jpg width="160" height="186"]] || Alexander Graham Bell
 * [[image:http://blog.silive.com/weather/2007/08/wright_brothers_orville_wilbur.jpg width="182" height="233"]] || The Wright Brothers || Airplane || The airplane marked the first time a heavy object engaged in sustained flight. Before this invention the only form of air travel was by hot air balloons, which was unsafe and hard to control. The invention of the airplane made traveling by air the fast and very convenient. ||
 * [[image:http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:8ClBVEcuPsDJkM:http://blogs.atlassian.com/news/2008/11/05/thomas-edison.jpg width="140" height="139" link="http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://blogs.atlassian.com/news/2008/11/05/thomas-edison.jpg&imgrefurl=http://blogs.atlassian.com/news/2008/11/fan_the_flames.html&usg=__cSLN7mIG25OlusLKW63xxS7AdWk=&h=318&w=320&sz=20&hl=en&start=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=8ClBVEcuPsDJkM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dthomas%2Bedison%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26tbs%3Disch:1"]] || Thomas Edison
 * [[image:http://www.shela-nye.com/shu/photos/Besm.jpg width="160" height="199" align="center"]]

|| Henry Bessemer January 19, 1813-15 March 1898 || Bessemer Process || The Bessemer process made it easy to produce quality steel. By blasting air through the molten metal, this process gave the steel extra strength and a nicer finish. Before this process was discovered, steel contained a lot more impurities and was weaker. As a result, quality steel became more abundant and profitable. ||

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">**Cultural History**
 * **<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Movies ** || **<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Music ** || **<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">TV Shows ** || **<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Art ** ||
 * * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Modern Times with Chaplin || * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[|Working and Union Songs]
 * || * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The Adventure of English || * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Romanticism
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Realism
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Impressionism ||

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">**Sources** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: left;">

//Information://

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: left;"> //Pictures://
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: left;">http://industrialrevolution.sea.ca/impact.html
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: left;">Amsco Book


 * http://www.scripophily.com/webcart/vigs/newyorkcentralvig7.jpg
 * http://www.istp.murdoch.edu.au/ISTP/casestudies/Case_Studies_Asia/urbwater/E12.jpg
 * http://www.uprr.com/aboutup/maps/graphics/stogden.gif
 * http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/england/derby/img/samuel_slater_lead.jpg
 * http://www.philadelphia-reflections.com/images/indust.jpg
 * http://teacherlink.org/content/social/instructional/industrialrevolution/bessemersteelproduction.jpg
 * http://www.shela-nye.com/shu/photos/Besm.jpg
 * http://blogs.atlassian.com/news/2008/11/05/thomas-edison.jpg
 * http://blog.silive.com/weather/2007/08/wright_brothers_orville_wilbur.jpg
 * http://blog.silive.com/weather/2008/03/Alexander_Graham_Bell.jpg