The+Early+Republic

The
= Early Republic (1790-1825) =

Presidents (1790-1825)
 * click picture for link!


 * Name || Term || Party || Picture ||
 * **George Washington** || 1789-1797 || Independent || [[image:gw.jpg width="112" height="89" caption="gw.jpg" link="http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ed101.bu.edu/StudentDoc/current/ED101sp09/ebelinsk/george-washington-picture.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ed101.bu.edu/StudentDoc/current/ED101sp09/ebelinsk/&usg=__Thap_PAn_JtImL3U6YlH2pkLXZI=&h=500&w=604&sz=104&hl=en&start=1&itbs=1&tbnid=onRX7zDqUD2UTM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgeorge%2Bwashington%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1"]] ||
 * **John Adams** || 1797-1801 || Federalist || [[image:ja.jpg width="115" height="98" caption="ja.jpg" link="http://blog.zap2it.com/kate_ohare/John%20Adams%203.JPG"]] ||
 * **Thomas Jefferson** || 1801-1809 || Democratic Republican || [[image:tj.jpg width="118" height="101" caption="tj.jpg" link="http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://thepilver.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/thomas-jefferson-picture.jpg&imgrefurl=http://thepilver.wordpress.com/2009/07/page/3/&usg=__iM2ejyU0zkYl4wvxZVYzXapsks4=&h=385&w=400&sz=34&hl=en&start=1&itbs=1&tbnid=UDr9KJdi9j7NTM:&tbnh=119&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dthomas%2Bjefferson%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1"]] ||
 * **James Madison** || 1809-1817 || Democratic Republican || [[image:jm.jpg width="116" height="95" caption="jm.jpg" link="http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.questgarden.com/62/83/3/080320182924/images/James_Madison.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.questgarden.com/62/83/3/080320182924/conclusion.htm&usg=__61dOp5Owfwx2Npv_uXQoO7s-awg=&h=348&w=375&sz=20&hl=en&start=1&itbs=1&tbnid=PBWiscVDAm5YiM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djames%2Bmadison%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1"]] ||
 * **James Monroe** || 1817-1825 || Democratic Republican || [[image:jmr.jpg width="114" height="88" caption="jmr.jpg" link="http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.visitingdc.com/images/james-monroe-picture.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.visitingdc.com/president/james-monroe-picture.htm&usg=__s6oAj9hMbRt0LUBPu8BBmDCDtCI=&h=450&w=523&sz=68&hl=en&start=7&itbs=1&tbnid=jhqvBAjoxKrsXM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djames%2Bmonroe%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1"]] ||

**__Foreign Affairs__**
event that was to touch off a series of wars between the new French Republic and the monarchies of Europe. Washington's entire eight years as president, as well as the four years of his successor, John Adams, were taken up by the question of giving support to either France, French enemies, or neither side. foreign relations. It stated that the U.S. should not have long term alliances with other country's which goes back to his Neutrality Act of 1794, relating to the conflict in France. European countries could no longer colonize or interfere with the western hemisphere. This document marked american confidence and power in being able to make a statement so bold.
 * __Washington:__ Washington's first term as president (1789-1793) coincided with the outbreak of revolution in France, a cataclysmic
 * Washington's most important foreign policy would be his farewell address. He took up a large portion of the address to talk about f
 * __Monroe Doctrine:__ The Monroe Doctrine was one of the most substantial world policies in the history of the united states. It stated that

**__Key Political Events and debates__**
__Alexander Hamilton's Report on Public credit:__ Alexander Hamilton created a proposal that gave the federal government then some people wanted them to have. The big financial issues were given to the federal government to deal with, rather then the state government. Both Thomas Jefferson and James Madison were strongly opposed to this. Both men found the new proposal to be somewhat unconstitutional. It is because of this debate between Jefferson and Hamilton that the party system was created. The followers of Jefferson were known as Republicans and the Hamilton's followers were known as Federalists.

__Creation of the party System:__ John Adams won the presidency, becoming the second president in the United States, and Jefferson was the runner up. In the election of 1800, Thomas Jefferson ran for presidency against Aaron Burr. Jefferson won the presidency and the house placing the democrats in control. This transition from Adam's presidency to Jefferson's presidency signified a transfer of power from Federalist to Republican in a peaceful and civilized way.

__Judiciary Act:__ In 1801, the Judiciary Act of 1801 was created which stated that the president had the right to appoint 16 new judges to the senate.

__Marshall court cases__
 * Marbury v. Madison-The constitutional question of this court case was whether or not delivering the commission and part of the Judiciary act was constitutional. As a result, a section of the Judiciary Act was deemed unconstitutional and Judicial Review was created.
 * 12th amendment- This stated that electors to the electoral college were to specify which ballot was being cast for president and which was for vice president.

__The Burr Conspiracy__ After losing the presidency in the election of 1800, Burr created a plane to get Mexico from the Spanish and join it with the Louisiana Territory in order to create a new country.

__Congress__ In 1811, congress held it's first meeting where the decision to go to war with Britain was made. The United Stats wanted to go to war in order to secure a place in the global political structure.

__Missouri Compromise:__ In 1820 the pro-slavery states and anti-slavery states came up with an agreement about slavery in the new territories in the west. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the paralell 36 30' except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouroi. This compromise kept the balance between the pro and anti slavery states.



__ War of 1812: __
of American sailors. || Blockade the American cost line and take trade away. || New Orleans. || lost alliance with Native Americans stop blockade of eastern cost. ||
 * || United States || Great Britain ||
 * Issues || End British capturing
 * Key Battles || Battle of New Orleans || Buring of Washington ||
 * Outcome || gained control of

__Cause of the war:__ The British navy began a blockade on the American eastern cost after they defeated the French navy in the battle of Trafalgar. There goal was to cut of American trade and they also were abducting American sailors and forcing them to join the British navy. Eventually the Twelfth Congress declared war of Britain in 1812.

__Battle of New Orleans__: The American Troops were lead by Andrew Jackson a southern military leader. It was a major victory by the United States and helped Andrew Jackson eventually become president. They resulted in the U.S. acquiring New Orleans.

__Burning of Washington__: The battle took place on August 24, 1814. The British took hold of Washington and set fire to many of the public buildings including the White House. This is when Dolley Madison, the presidents wife had an act of heroism when she saved the portriat of Gerneral Washington in the buring building. The battle was a major blow to the city but helped the country come together agianst the British and stop the invasion of New York city.

**__Milestones for Minorities__**
__Native Americans:__ The battle of Fallen Timbers took place in 1794. General Anthony Wayne defeated the Shawnee, Wyandot and other Native American tribes.This was important because the Native Americans lost a lot of land whereas the United States government gained a lot of land.

__African Americans__: Many African Americans at this point in history are still under slavery but new developments in certain states and country wide have helped progress the country away from slavery. In 1804 New Jersey ends slavery which ads another state to the non-slave state side. This brings many African Americans into freedom at once and brings them new opportunities they never had before. In 1808 the African slave trade ends. This means no more Africans will be shiped to the Americas to become slaves. Although the United States and the Caribean have a large enough slave population to be sustanible it will still reduce the growth of slavery.

__United States Immigrants:__ The Naturalization act increased the number of years required for US immigrants to qualify for citizenship from 5 to 14 years. The Alien acts were created so that the president has the power to deport aliens considered dangerous and to detain enemy aliens during war with their home county.

**__Key Social Developments__**
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One of the first major taxes set forth by the American Government was the whiskey tax which put a 25% tax on all whiskey sold in the united states. The second the tax was made there was great opposition towards it. The strong public and state opposition forced the repeal of the tax in Virginia and North Carolina. However, in the counties west of Pennsylvania, the Whiskey Rebellion continued for over three years. In the end government authorities began to enforce the tax through legal action. Eventually violent acts were taken out on militia and townsmen which forced the government to take forceful action. George Washington was the first and only sitting President to lead an army in to battle. He lead a force of 12,950 militia men which ended the rebellion. After Thomas Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana Territory from the France, explorers Lewis and Clark set out to document the plant and animals in the new American land from 1804-1806. They came back with a lot of information of the geography and ecology of the land. This sparked people to move out west to cultivated and settle in the unclaimed territory. The previous notion of this land was that it was the great American desert but after the Expedition it was found to be futile soil sutible for farming. Robert Fulton built the first commercial steamboat. This new faster way to travel great reduced the trip many goods had to take in the great lakes and along the Mississippi river. It also aloud the boats to go upstream. The Fulton steamboat increased the amount of goods that were being produced and shipped which also increased the amount of goods the country was buying and exporting. This was a large stimulus in the United States economy as well as its social impact in how Americans bought there goods. As well as the steamboat cut the shipping time of goods it also gave people a chance to travel a lot faster. People could now travel along the Mississippi river to different towns for just a vacation, which was never done before.
 * __The Whiskey Rebellion (1794):__
 * __Lewis and Clark Expedition:__
 * __Robert Fulton builds his first steamboat. (1807):__

During James Monroe's presidencey the country politics were much lighter feeling. After the war of 1812 the Federalist Pary had completly disovled. There was only one political party and there was no more fighting in the political system. After the 1824 election when 4 different Democratic Republicans fought against each other for the presidency the Era had ended and there was much more tension in the country again.
 * __Era of Good Feelings. (1814-1824):__

**__Key Economical Events:__**
The First Bank was charted by the United States congress and was set to be for 20 years. The bank was meant to handle the financial needs and requirements of the central government of the newly formed United States, which had previously been thirteen individual colonies with their own banks. The bank was proposed by Alexander Hamilton and supported by northern Governors but not supported by the south whose man revenue was from agriculture. the south did not did a large bank like this and were more in favor of states rights.
 * __First Bank of the United States is established (1791):__

Eli Whitney's cotton gin made the production of cotton much easier and much faster. This invention greatly increased the amount of cotton the country produced. It also created a much larger need for slaves to do the back breaking work of collecting the cotton. The cotton gin was a huge increase in the export of cotton and increased the souths economy. The Louisiana Purchase was the first major land purchase by the United States Government. It is a large amount of land in the Midwest purchased by Thomas Jefferson form the French for $11,250,000. Although Jefferson thought it to be unconstitutional he did it anyways because he thought it would give major benefits to the country. The new land doubled the size of the country and created a large economic gain for the Government and the people.
 * __Eli Whitney invents the Cotton Gin. (1794)__:
 * __Louisiana Purchase (1803):__

= __Major Immigration Movements__ =

Immigration during the early years of the United States was only about 6000 people a year. The Napoleonic Wars in Europe slowed down immigration from 1792 to 1814, so did the War of 1812. This time period did not have much immigration till 1820, when the total immigration was 8,385, but each year after that it built up substantially. By 1830 the total immigration that year was 23,322, almost three times as much as it was 10 years earlier.

The Naturalization Act required that aliens be residents for 14 years instead of 5 years before they became eligible for U.S. citizenship. Other acts made it possible for aliens to be arrested and deported during wartime, like the Alien Enemies Act.

= __Key Individuals__ =


 * Thomas Jefferson- Was responsible for the Louisiana Purchase and was the third president of the US. He was hesitant to acquire the new territory because he thought that it was unconstitutional. He also helped to write the bill of rights.
 * Eli Whitney- Famous inventor of the early republic and responsible for inventing the cotton gin which forever changed the way cotton was produced and increased the dependence on slaves.
 * Goerge Washington- He was the first President of this country and set a high standard for the rest of the American Presidents. He farewell address was our first foriegn policy.
 * Alexander Hamilton- Was the first US Sectratary of the Treasury and the creater of the First US Bank and the American System.

Movies:

Liberty's Kids. National Treasure.

Tv Shows: History Channel

Songs: War songs Religious songs School House Rock